Hinglish - Definition, Etymology and Examples

Hinglish s Hinglish is a mix of Hindi (the official language of India) and English (an associate official language of India) that is spoken by upwards of 350 million people in urban areas of India. (India contains, by some accounts, the largest English-speaking population in the world.) Hinglish (the term is a blend of the words Hindi and English) includes English-sounding phrases that have only Hinglish meanings, such as badmash (which means naughty) and glassy (in need of a drink). Examples and Observations In a shampoo advertisement currently playing on Indian television, Priyanka Chopra, the Bollywood actress, sashays past a line of open-top sports cars, flicking her glossy mane, before looking into the camera and saying: Come on girls, waqt hai shine karne ka!Part English, part Hindi, the linewhich means It’s time to shine!is a perfect example of Hinglish, the fastest growing language in India.While it used to be seen as the patois of the street and the uneducated, Hinglish has now become the lingua franca of India’s young urban middle class . . ..One high-profile example is Pepsi’s slogan Yeh Dil Maange More! (The heart wants more!), a Hinglish version of its international â€Å"Ask for more!† campaign.(Hannah Gardner, HinglishA Pukka Way to Speak. The National [Abu Dhabi], Jan. 22, 2009)Prepaid mobile phones have become so ubiquitous in India that English words to do with their userecharge, top-up and missed callhave become common, too. Now, it seems, th ose words are transforming to take on broader meanings in Indian languages as well as in Hinglish.(Tripti Lahiri, How Tech, Individuality Shape Hinglish. The Wall Street Journal, Jan. 21, 2012) The Rise of Hinglish The language Hinglish involves a hybrid mixing of Hindi and English within conversations, individual sentences and even words. An example: She was  bhunno-ing the  masala-s  jub  phone  ki ghuntee bugee. Translation: She was frying the spices when the phone rang. It is gaining  popularity  as a way of speaking that demonstrates you are modern, yet locally grounded.New research  by my colleagues . . . has found that while the hybrid language is not likely to replace English or Hindi in India, more people are fluent in Hinglish than they are in English. . . .Our data revealed two important patterns. First, Hinglish speakers cannot speak monolingual Hindi in settings which require only Hindi (like our interview scenario)this confirms reports from some speakers that their only fluency is in this hybrid Hinglish. What this means is that, for some speakers, using Hinglish is not a choicethey cannot speak monolingual Hindi, nor monolingual English. Because these Hinglish spe akers are not fluent in Hindi, they are not likely to undergo language shift to monolingual Hindi.Second, bilinguals adjust their speech towards Hinglish when they talk to Hinglish speakers. Over time, the number of Hinglish speakers is growing by adopting speakers from the bilingual community who lose the need to use either language monolingually.(Vineeta Chand, The Rise and Rise of Hinglish in India.  The Wire  [India], February 12, 2016) The Queens Hinglish A testimony is the average north Indians response to the language of the conquering British. They transformed it into Hinglish, a pervasive mishmash beyond state control that has spread from below so that even ministers no longer aspire to imitating the Queen. Hinglish boasts of airdashing to a crisis (famine or fire) lest newspapers accuse them of being on the backfoot. A vivacious mixture of English and native tongues, Hinglish is a dialect pulsating with energy and invention that captures the essential fluidity of Indian society.(Deep K Datta-Ray, Tryst With Modernity. The Times of India, Aug. 18, 2010)[Hinglish has] been called the Queens Hinglish, and for good reason: its probably been around since the first trader stepped off the ships of the British East India Company in the early 1600s. . . .You can hear this phenomenon for yourself by dialing the customer service number for any of the worlds largest corporations. . . . India has literally turned its English-speaking ability, a once embarrassing legacy of its colonial past, into a multi-billion-dollar competitive advantage.(Paul J. J. Payack, A Million Words and Counting: How Global English Is Rewriting the World. Citadel, 2008) The Hippest Language in India This mix of Hindi and English is now the hippest slang on the streets and college campuses of India. While once considered the resort of the uneducated or the expatriatedthe so-called ABCDs or the American-Born Confused Desi (desi denoting a countryman), Hinglish is now the fastest-growing language in the country. So much so, in fact, that multinational corporations have increasingly in this century chosen to use Hinglish in their ads. A McDonalds campaign in 2004 had as its slogan What your bahana is? (Whats your excuse?), while Coke also had its own Hinglish strapline Life ho to aisi (Life should be like this). . . . In Bombay, men who have a bald spot fringed by hair are known as stadiums, while in Bangalore nepotism or favouritism benefiting ones (male) child is known as son stroke.(Susie Dent, The Language Report: English on the Move, 2000-2007. Oxford University Press, 2007)

Segu essays

Segu essays In the novel Segu, By Maryse Conde, the Islamic religion and culture is very heavily infused within the existing animistic culture of the Bambaras in Segu. The characters are vastly changed because of this infusion, which leads to the development of a whole new culture. The author depicts this new culture because of her personal feelings on the existence of "Africans" in areas around the world. Her position on the blending of numerous cultural identities is that the people within them must accept all of them, not just one. From the beginning of the story, the Islamic religion penetrates itself into the existing culture in the Segu Empire. The traditional religion was one in which there are many gods and spirits that control the lives and destinies of mortal humans. Fetishism was also commonplace in the culture, in the sense that people decorate themselves with various objects in order to please their gods and to maintain a good future for them, as in the case with Nya offering an egg to the family boli to promote peace and a good life for the newborn. Magic was also a staple in Bambara culture, with the existence of soothsayers and fetish priests, who used magical powers to predict the future. Islamic religion first showed its "face" in Segu by the presence of their way of dressing and the eastern goods that existed within the city limits. Merchants also inhabited the city, which instilled a more capitalistic presence in Segu. The mosque was also a display of the presence of Islam within Segu. The character that was the most affected by the presence of Islam was Tiekoro, who easily embraced the religion. Curiosity of something out of the norm was what drew him to the mosque, where he learned of the written word, which was completely opposite of the oral tradition which was existed in Segu. Tiekoro's passion for non-conformity is what brought him into Islam. He liked the fact that in Islam, there was more a more tangibl...

11th Grade High School Chemistry Topics

11th Grade High School Chemistry Topics High school chemistry most commonly is offered during the 11th grade as Chemistry 11. This is a list of Chemistry 11 or 11th Grade High School Chemistry topics. A collection of high school chemistry notes may be found here. Atomic and Molecular Structure Structure of the atomElement atomic number and atomic mass Element location on the Periodic Table Groups of elements in the Periodic Table Trends in the Periodic Table: ionization energy, electronegativity, relative sizes of ions and atomsUsing the Periodic Table to determine the number of valence electrons available for bondingPosition of an element in the periodic table relating to its chemical reactivityThomsons discovery of the electronRutherfords nuclear atomMillikans oil drop experimentEinsteins explanation of the photoelectric effectQuantum theory of atomic structureBohr model of the atomSpectral linesPlancks relationship Chemical Bonds Ionic and covalent bondsChemical bonds between atoms in moleculesElectrostatic attraction in salt crystals Intermolecular forces in a solid and liquidLewis electron dot structures Shape of simple molecules and their polarity Electronegativity and ionization energy - bond formationSolids and liquids held together by Van der Waals forces Stoichiometry Writing balanced equationsDefinition of the mole Molar mass of a molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic masses (atomic weight)Converting the mass of a molecular substance to moles Number of particles or volume of gas at standard temperature and pressureMasses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction Percent yield in a chemical reactionOxidation and reduction reactionsBalancing oxidation-reduction reactions Acids and Bases Properties of acids, bases and salt solutionsAcids and bases Strong acids and strong bases Weak acids and basespH scalepH testsArrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acid-base definitionsCalculating pH from the hydrogen ion concentrationpH in acid-base reactions Gases Random motion of molecules and their collisions with a surfaceRandom motion of molecules and diffusion of gasesApplying the gas laws to relations between the pressure, temperature, and volumeStandard temperature and pressure (STP)Convert between Celsius and Kelvin temperature scalesKinetic theory of gases Problems using the ideal gas law in the form PVnRTDaltons Law of Partial Pressures Grahams Law to describe diffusion of gases Chemical Solutions Definitions of solute and solvent Dissolving process as a result of random molecular motionTemperature, pressure, and surface area - their affect the dissolving process Concentration of a solute in terms of grams per liter, molarity, parts per million and percent compositionRelationship between the molality of solute in a solution, and the solutions freezing point depression or boiling point elevation ChromatographyDistillation Rates of Chemical Reactions Rate of reaction and factors that affect itRole a catalyst in reaction ratesDefinition and role of activation energy in a chemical reaction Chemical Equilibrium Le Chateliers PrincipleForward and reverse reaction rates and equilibriumEquilibrium constant expression for a reaction Thermodynamics and Physical Chemistry Temperature and heat flow related to the motion of particlesEndothermic and exothermic chemical processesEndergonic and exergonic chemical processesProblems involving heat flow and temperature changesHesss Law to calculate enthalpy change in a reactionGibbs free energy equation to determine whether a reaction would be spontaneous Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Formation of large molecules and polymersBonding characteristics of carbonAmino acids as building blocks of proteinsNaming simple hydrocarbonsFunctional groupsR-group structure of amino acidsPrimary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry Protons and neutronsNuclear forcesElectromagnetic repulsion between the protonsNuclear fusionNuclear fissionRadioactive isotopesAlpha, beta, and gamma decayAlpha, beta, and gamma radiationCalculating half-life and amount of radioactive material remainingNuclear substructure

Sustainability in emerging economies - Simplified business plan (topic Essay

Sustainability in emerging economies - Simplified business plan (topic of your choice ) - Essay Example o work with Kenya locals to construct greenhouses that would ensure the country produce food that is sustainable to its population so that hunger can be averted. Attention is drawn to the fact that this country majorly depend on agricultural products as their basic point of the economy. Agriculture is the backbone of their survivals since it is the source of their daily food and comprise almost of 75% of their exports that earn foreign exchange that enables them to balance the trade deficits. But as studies shows, there has been a decline in a significant production. This significant decline is due to climate change and global warming. The two has led to extreme temperatures and excess heat that are unfavorable for food production. (Pearce, Barbier & Markandya (2013) shows that the production of food in these societies has an annual decreased from of up to 10% in the last decade. On the other hand, research by Barrett, Ilbery, Brown and Binns, (1999), shows that exports from these countries have fallen by 20% and the trend is likely to continue if not addressed. Thus, due to these demanding issues, the corporation has identified greenhouse c onstruction in these societies as the primary remedy for the situation. The establishment of the greenhouse will make the locals produce more than enough for their consumption against the extreme weather conditions. Hence, food security is ensured that will lower the poverty index to reduce by a greater percentage. Furthermore, production is expected to be in excess that can be used for exchange for other products from various societies. Hence, the balance of trade will be manageable that enhances growth in the economy creating sustainable development. The world institutions have proposed various heads that encourage the corporation to participate in the project developments. A report from World Bank shows that climate change is destroying the events gains that have been achieved over times hence companies and governments

Strategy illustration on External Analysis Essay

Strategy illustration on External Analysis - Essay Example The direct investments in Facebook have valued the company up to $50 billion. The company raised this money for making a further bolster its cash reserves. By this move, the company aimed to strengthen its reserves and surplus thereby increasing financial stability and limiting any liquidity risk by the company in the short term. The company also took care about the limited dilution factor of its shareholders. Macro Environment The investment thereby generated many questions among the shareholders of the company and the investor class as it was against their speculations. The company disclosed no immediate plans to invest the money rose by them and clarified that the money was raised to strengthen the cash position of the company. By this move, the company aimed to strengthen its reserves and surplus thereby increasing financial stability and limiting any liquidity risk by the company in the short term. The company also took care about the limited dilution factor of its shareholders. The company disclosed that under the transaction terms, it had option to accept between $375 million and $1.5 billion to receive from Goldman Sachs by the way of overseas offering. ... Facebook is incorporated in US through Macro-Economic forces in the country have a little impact of the company. Facebook is social networking build on a global platform where factors like inflation rates, interest rate and current exchange rates in bear some impact, but such impact can’t be considered influential. As the interest rates are slashed as a result of recession in the economy, the company could borrow money at a cheaper interest rate. Same is the case with changes in current exchange rates. Global Forces Barriers of trade and information sharing impact the company’s business in a primary way. Removal of such barriers helps the company to expand its operations in other countries. These also help in raising funds globally thereby giving advantage of cheaper funds. Growth in countries like India and China are posing increased opportunities of doing business in these countries. Technological Forces Being a social network company, technological forces impacts the company in a big way. Technology sector in the US includes more than 140,000 companies with combined annual revenue of about $900 billion. AT&T, IBM, Intel, Adobe, Apple, and Microsoft are the major companies (US Technolgy Sector Analysis, 2010). â€Å"Industry concentration is high in many segments with the largest 50 participants generating more than 60% of the segment revenue† (US Technolgy Sector Analysis, 2010). Scientific discoveries and new product developments form the basis of profitability in this industry. Both large and small companies can compete successfully – the mammoths have access to capital and marketing and the miniatures have domain-specific expertise. In the period Aug-10 to Jan-11, the Application Software industry has been on a bullish trend before being thrust

How useful is the cultural imperialism thesis Essay

How useful is the cultural imperialism thesis - Essay Example When these capitalist corporations establish their business in the developing countries they deploy their work ethic, punctuality, thrift, conformity, and hierarchical organisational structures that contribute to amassing economic surpluses. Though these corporations pay a good wage to the employees they hire, ultimately the accumulated surpluses are carried across to the developed Western and/or capitalist societies. The ‘cultural imperialism thesis' caters to this phenomenon of subordination and domination1 CULTURAL IMPERIALISM THESIS We generally refer to the phrase ‘cultural imperialism thesis’ to elucidate the process of deterritorialization. Deterritorialization is reducing the time and space barriers between physical territories hence restructuring the old cultural geographical and social territories.2 For that reason it is appropriate to say that cultural imperialism thesis is a comprehensive framework intended to account for this complex global cultural bu ild-up and the resulting relationships.3 The key elements that this thesis caters to are cultures that are suppressing other weak cultures. First and foremost of these dominant cultures are Western and/or American culture.4 Therefore, this thesis expounds on the strategies used to regulate, deregulate and re-regulate the domination. Often there are historical cultural events that condense a culture’s value systems and its ability to overpower the other. The inequality of conditions that takes place is a key issue discussed in this thesis. This occurrence of historical dominance can be exemplified by referring to the course of colonialism that empowered Western cultures to subordinate the cultures of Asia, Africa, the Americas and certain other regions of the world. The colonisation shows the cultural superiority of the 'West over the Rest’ because the West had a strong economy and liberal democracy that set standards for the weak cultures to follow.5 On this basis, we can say that cultural imperialism works at the conscious and the unconscious level, as it gives people the appropriate standards for their being to which they ought to identify.6 The emergence of capitalism in the Western world is another key element that is covered by the cultural imperialism thesis. Capitalism in the Western world originates from both Western and capitalist values. But when we look into examples of capitalism in Japan we see it was dictatorial to a certain extent, whereas capitalism in the UK was not. Therefore, we know that there is a difference between these. The economic superiority of the first world resulted from the rise of capitalism. It is a well-known phenomenon that the organization, structure and regulations of cultural exchange between the dominant first world and the subordinate developing world have been based on capitalistic principles. Now, the capitalist classes of the first world meander around the world in pursuit of trading opportunities to mul tiply their trade and profits. The transnational business is a name given to the model of business that could multiply the trade and profit options of the capitalistic class from the first world. Therefore, now the

Public Safety Administrator Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Safety Administrator Interview - Essay Example This was a civil commitment of convicted sexual offenders who had finished their prison-sentences. It was agreed that a public safety administrators be deployed in various parts of New Jersey The interview was therefore aimed at seeking to recruit an administrator to help combat crime and other inhuman act that were rampant in the region .The person that I interviewed was the police inspector from the Hammonton Township. He had the physical leadership qualities and the necessary skills for the job. I briefly spelt out his duties which were to liaise with the civil leaders, church leaders, police officers and coordinate them harmoniously to as to bring a lasting solution to the problem. The officer will be perpetually required to speak to the media, address public gatherings, recommend the hiving and firing decisions and manage the budget within his jurisdiction. I began by citing a case to him that appeared in the local dairies July 29 1994 where seven years old Megan was sexually assaulted and murdered a short distance from her home in New Jersey. Her neighbor Jesse was arrested and ultimately convicted of the crime. Jesse was a twice convicted sexual offender who had previously served time for fondling and then attempting to strange another seven year old girl. He shared the house across the street with other two convicted sexual offenders whom he had served jail term with but their neighbors were unaware of their prior criminal record with these I sought his views as to whether law enforcement officials should notify the community when sex offender moves in. To his views the convicted sexual offenders should be reporting at the new offices of the public safety administrator and should give out reliable address so that it would be easier to reach and apprehend them when necessary. Though notifying community members the presence of convicted sex offender would not prevent the offenders from re-offending he noted that this will be a positive move geared at curtailing the offences adding that the community would be very resourceful in the reforming exercise. We finally agreed that he was to be the New Jersey public safety administrator and he promised to improve the situation and to adhere to the laid down rules and regulations as per the job description 3. Historical Perspective Subject matter analysts have varied views and contribution on the case Simeon Schopf a writing and research editor looks at various objections research to Megan's law and concludes that in the balance of interests, such law are constitutional but Bonnie steinbock focus on moral issues posed by the notification statutes and argues that Megan's law fails to serve its ultimate goal- protecting children. 4. Conclusion To my view the community should be notified on those instances where it is deemed necessary to protect the public .The convicted sexual offenders should undergo some counseling after finishing their prison sentences so as to reform and stay away from criminal activities. The rehabilitation