Cognitive Science - 275 Words

Cognitive Science (Essay Sample) Content: Cognitive ScienceNameInstitutionIn his publication, Ito unfolds the activities that take place in the cerebellum and how such activities can impact different parts of the body. The author explains that the cerebellum is characterized by a vast network of neuron circuitry that encodes the brains internal processes and models that control bodily movements (Ito, 2008). Ito explains that such models and processes are very essential in the control of body movements without the need of sensory feedbacks. The author points out that the characteristics that psychiatric patients portray suggests a mechanism whereby the intuition and implicit thoughts may function.Itoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s argument is valid because relative to other creatures e.g. non-human primates, the human cerebellum and its prefrontal cortex of the brain have undergone notable evolutionary transformations. In the recent past, molecular biology and neuroimaging studies have revealed that as the human cerebellum evolv ed, its original functioning has also changed (Villanueva, 2012). Its functions have improved significantly as compared to those of non-human primates such as monkeys and apes. The increase in the functioning has also been deduced from the postmortem analysis that has been conducted (Villanueva, 2012). Animal experimentations have also enhanced the derivation of the conclusions. As human evolution progressed, the human cerebellum acquired new functions which include control of attention, control of social behavior, emotions and mood (Dehaene, 2001). The new cerebellar physiology that Ito brings out in his article has been witnessed by the increased in the number of individuals who suffer from neuropsychiatric disorders that result from abnormalities in the cerebellum. A disruption to the cerebellum disrupts the imagery of motors in the brain (Dehaene, 2001). Further investigations need to be carried out so as to establish how disruption of different cerebellar activities results in various mental disorders.

The Literary Modernism Time Period - 1435 Words

The literary modernism time period was a movement in literature that started in the early 1890s and was very eventful. During this era there were many considerable events taking place such as The Great War (also known as â€Å"World War One†), which started in 1914. This War lasted for four years and finally ended in 1918, but its effects lasted much longer. The financial instability of Europe and death caused by this First World War gave people a sense of patriotism that unified them. It made people think of not only the society as a whole, but themselves as individuals (Modernism.). This new individualist mindset made people think more about their thoughts and actions than they had ever previously done before. Because individuals thought†¦show more content†¦When Laura becomes aware of this news, she immediately suggests calling off the party. Mrs. Sheridan, Laura’s mother, is repugnant against the idea of canceling the party. Jose also displeased with Lauraà ¢â‚¬â„¢s suggestion and says, â€Å"If youre going to stop a band playing every time some one has an accident, youll lead a very strenuous life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Short Stories). After that, despite Laura’s exhortative remarks for them to cancel the party, the previous planes still uphold. Towards the end of the party, Laura and her father converse about the deceased gentleman while eating some sandwiches. Laura decides to bring the leftovers to the widow of the recently departed man in a basket, and when she arrives she is invited in to the house. She does not want to go in but the widow insists and Laura is given no choice. When she goes in, she is brought to the body of the deceased and sees how carefree his face is. She contemplates the importance of everything that she once thought had importance and realizes that no one material thing truly mattered to him at this point. She begins to cry and runs out of the house, only after managing to utter, Forgive my hat,† (Shor t Stories). She then runs into Laurie who is outside, sent by their mother. He notices that she is crying, and she says, â€Å"Isnt life†¦ isn’t life—â€Å" (Short Stories). She did not complete her sentence but he understood what she was trying to say, and replied â€Å"Isnt it, darling?† (ShortShow MoreRelatedThe Birth Of The Realism And Modernism Era1322 Words   |  6 PagesEdith Wharton Literary History The birth of the Realism and Modernism era appeared during the late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century. Both Realism and Modernism are evident in many of Edith Wharton’s literary works. Realism came from chaotic times where it â€Å"encompasses the period of time from the Civil War†(Realism from American). The United States grew enormously after the civil war with â€Å"the rapid growth in industrialism and urbanization, an expanding population base due to immigrationRead More Modernism Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesModernism â€Å"An inclination to subjective distortion to point up the evanescence of the social world of the nineteenth century bourgeoisie.† -Barth, â€Å"Literature of Replenishment† (www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0255.html) Modernism was rebellion against not only the repressive principles of the Victorian era but also the emergence of the fast-changing, materialistic corporate society. The period precedingRead MoreEssay on Modernism at Its Finest in Literature756 Words   |  4 PagesModernism at Its Finest In the beginning of the twentieth century, literature changed and focused on breaking away from the typical and predicate patterns of normal literature. Poets at this time took full advantage and stretched the idea of the mind’s conscience on how the world, mind, and language interact and contradict. Many authors, such as Fitzgerald, Steinbeck, and Twain, used the pain and anguish in first hand experiences to create and depict a new type of literature, modernism. In thisRead MoreEssay Modernism versus Modernismo1057 Words   |  5 PagesModernism versus Modernismo Both Modernism and Modernismo were movements around the turn of the 20th century which caused cultural upheaval and renovation in times where the society was, or needed to be, changing. Modernism took place throughout Europe and in the United States, while Modernismo was a Latin American movement. The two movements share several general characteristics, but were, without a doubt, two separate and distinct movements, and should not be confused. Therefore, it is usefulRead More World War I and The Literary Transition Into Modernism Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I and The Literary Transition Into Modernism World War I was the culmination of many things. On the surface, it was the ultimate in international disputes. Never before had the nations of the civilized world boiled over on such an enormous level. So large was the scale of World War I that there were few countries who did not feel its effects. On a more profound level, the human being had never before exacted such damage upon themselves in the name of warfare. Due to the absoluteRead More Enlightenment, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, and Postmodernism598 Words   |  3 PagesEnlightenment, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, and Postmodernism Literature: the enlightenment, romanticism, realism, modernism, and postmodernism†¦. Where does one begin? To some, those words can be as scary as the word computer is to others. This essay is designed to help you become a great literary interpreter. Getting the motivation is three fourths of the battle to getting into the heads of the artists. To begin, an outline of some of the literary movements has been provided. The enlightenmentRead MorePostmodernism And The Future Of Literature1214 Words   |  5 Pagesphenomenons affected the society at large, including in the aspect of art and literature. Literary historians often classified literature from late 19th century until the end of World War II as modernism and literature after World War II as postmodernism. Although there are no explicit definitions, common traits can often be found that distinguished these two categories. In this paper, I will be examining modernism and postmodernism literature, as well as whether postmodernism still continue until nowRead MoreModernism Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages The modernist period in British and Irish literature was one of the most important and exciting times in literary history. The term modernist stemmed from the beginning of the 20th century labelled the modern period. The modern period was a time of confusion and transitions, mostly due to the result of people returning from World War I. The modern period was an era of massive unemployment and technological changes. Freud, Jung, and Marx were redefining human identity, Assembly lines and factoriesRead MoreThe Demon Lover By Elizabeth Bowen1383 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Modernism released us from the constraints of everything that had gone before with a euphoric sense of freedom†(Erickson). During the 20th century, British writers switched their writing style to mimic the values of the modernism period. 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Homelessness An Epidemic or Fault - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2897 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Homelessness Essay Did you like this example? Every city, in every state, in every country, in every continent has one thing in common: a large population of homeless people. The homeless are categorized into their own social group by most. Those more fortunate created this identity and do nothing to help them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Homelessness: An Epidemic or Fault" essay for you Create order Under the governments close supervision, this needs to stop happening. It is their responsibility to ensure that each United States citizen is able to practice the right to live in peace and feel as if they are secure while keeping their dignity. Scholars argue that the issue of homelessness has derived from a singular problem which most believe is impoverished beings unable to pay for necessities such as housing, food, childcare, health care, and education. Humanitarian help is not the emergency response that this issue needs. It is in my judgment, upon closer examination, that poverty may be one factor but there is a combination of many issues that contribute into the part of homelessness all under the control of the government and leaders of the United States. To begin, one key reason as to why homelessness has spiraled down the dark path its in right now is due to the violation of human rights. National and local laws have wrongfully criminalized homeless people categorizing them as lawbreakers rather than protecting their rights. Many laws that are created purposefully leave homeless people invisible, kicking them out of the streets, and out of their makeshift shelters giving them this unrealistic label. Some laws even keep people from sleeping or camping out on any public or private property while others ban citizens from feeding the homeless. One is penalized for trying to help someone have a slightly better night than they are normally used to. Everyone has a right to housing, somewhere to feel safe and feel secure. It is in the government’s interest and focus that this is followed through on. Seven ideal principles have been beneficial for the right to housing. They include security of tenure, availability of services/materials/facilities/infrastructure, affordability, habitability/decent and safe home, accessibility, location, and cultural adequacy (NESRI). These seven principles should be taken into account to when trying to build or find an ideal home for the less fortunate. There are several documents in which the right to housing is protected in, acting for different races and genders as well. For example, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the American Declaration on Rights and Duties of Man (NESRI). Each of these documents has voiced a common message: The right to housing is imperative in order for the United States to live up to its prideful equality. In order for each man to be equal, a roof to be under should be a priority. But thats not the case when there are hundreds of thousands of people living on the streets without a place to call home. When there are multiple documents protecting the rights of an epidemic countrywide, then the outcome should be significantly less than it currently is. Theres just not enough housing, or enough shelter to keep the homeless off the streets. Theres a been a vicious cycle that the homeless experience: setting up tents, then law enforcers finding them and kicking them out. As a result, some land in jail for fines they cant pay, and others travel to the next location until the next police find them once again (Lee). An idea for lowering the costs of affordable houses was brought up and was even considered by cities, states, and the federal government. But it was quickly shown to fail because of the Low Income Housing Tax Credits that developers compete for. Because of this competition, there aren’t enough credits to build affordable housing for all the people who need it (Semuels). Every idea which is proposed is either disregarded or incapable of working. The leaders should put down a firm hand. If the competition is what is stopping the construction of affordable homes than those competitors should be penalized instead of being allowed to compete. Discrimination, social exclusion, and criminalizing are all forms of human rights violations as well. The discrimination of homelessness is in terms of access to housing and land. Homeless people are denied opportunities to live in promising locations. Instead, they are told to live in remote, isolated and poorly serviced areas where there are no jobs opportunities. Many businesses have filed complaints when they see homeless people situated near their locations. They claim that they draw their customers away. Instead of ignoring their complaints, officers act upon it and move the homeless away. The sane and realistic option would be to help them and find a safer and more practical place to spend the night. It would make both parties happy. But the solution, as it mostly is, is the homeless suffering while the complainers are sitting pretty. In addition, the United States has a corrupt economy and welfare system that plays a big role in homelessness. The economy was purposefully constructed to create poverty as well as inequality. In fact, out of every twenty dollars of new wealth created, nineteen of those dollars goes to the top one percent. The top one percent has more wealth than the bottom ninety percent (Fleisher). If the new wealth was evenly distributed then the rates of homelessness would go down significantly. This is where the United States’ corrupt welfare comes into place. If more money was put aside to help homelessness, the problem may slowly abolish. The United States is by far the richest country in the world who is home to, â€Å"262 billionaires, ten times that of its nearest competitor, and an astounding 3.8 million of its households hold assets valued in the millions† (Fleisher). But it cant be said that the government is doing all it can to end homelessness. While still $25 trillion dollars in debt, â€Å"Our state and federal governments spend upwards of three trillion dollars a year. Yet at the same time, the United States experiences, by the best estimates, 3.5 million incidences of homelessness a year† (Fleisher). The distinct division in society is abundantly clear when looking at the homeless in the context of equality and economics. The rich continue to get richer and the poor stay poor. With so many unsure where their home will be tonight, it is impalpable to witness the amount of money that all of the upper-class have. But those upper-class citizens believe that wealth is just the logical outcome of a free market system. Most privileged associate the homeless as incapable humans who are jobless. This stereotype is in fact, one of the worst. Many families that do live in poverty have at least one working member (Fleisher). And most of these jobs are full-time jobs as well. These families aren’t to be considered lazy. But bills such as auto repair and medical do pile up. The savings that most families keep tucked away are spent trying to pay these bills. These poor economic factors disable the homeless’ ability to advance from their situations. And while working these people are most likely receiving a minimum wage which would not be sufficient enough to support themselves and their families. It is to be believed that due to the financial crisis of 2008 the number of homeless has significantly increased. It was said to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression and had affected many. The crisis was due to the collapse of Lehman Brothers bank which was active worldwide. It had affected the overall economy through banks, and federal, state and local government budgets. Unemployment rates increased while mortgage payments also increased past the amount that could be borrowed. That issue could not have been blamed on anyone. But because of it, less and less paid attention to homeless until the crisis was averted. Equal attention should have been given. Especially if the crisis of 2008 brought people into the category of homeless. The United States is considered to have one of the weakest welfare systems in regards to homelessness compared to other countries. The United States has adopted a liberal like welfare system (Kahachi). The government sees the welfare system as housing provision and homelessness treatments from a narrow economic perspective. This means that they will most likely work on the homelessness treatment when it is beneficial and saves money. The programs also promoted to all Americans but those who can benefit and are paid are those with low income. Other Democratic liberal countries consider housing for the homeless as a human right while conservative countries view housing and proper homelessness treatment necessary, especially to achieve social justice (Kahachi). While the leaders of the United States continue to only think about their own benefits the rest of the country is suffering. Their intent may be vital in their eyes but in others, it isn’t. The governments job is to provid e and protect its people while maintaining to protect the citizens’ rights. In 1996 the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, PRWORA, was passed. It was voted to block grant welfare to the states (Fleisher). Some may say this is extremely beneficial and flexible, allowing each state to design its own welfare regime. But others do not believe the adaptable strategy will be successful. Doug OBrien, vice president of public policy and research at Americas Second Harvest, believed that PRWORA was an â€Å"unjust ‘transference of responsibility’. He believes that it is the responsibility of the government, as noted in the preamble to the Constitution, to provide for the general welfare of the people, and thus the government should ensure some minimum standard of living† (Fleisher). Others believe that this reform didn’t go far enough. Mike Tanner, director at Cato University believes that the government is just rewarding irresponsibility. Private charities, in his opinion, should offer short-term assistance in place of government handouts (Fleisher). But one must consider what the goals of PRWORA actually were. If it was to reduce welfare rolls, then the reform was successful, but if the objective was to reduce an issue other than that, the reform has failed. The Welfare Reform of 1996 expected to diminish the problem but for a while now, it can be seen that it has been very ineffective. The programs that welfare include are said to provide a safety net to families and individuals to keep them from going into poverty. But the safety net that is provided has been proved ineffective due to corruption because those who are eligible for beneficial programs are not receiving them despite federal law. Statistically speaking, â€Å"over 40 percent of homeless persons are eligible for disability benefits, but only 11 percent actually receive them. Most are eligible for food stamps, but only 37 percent receive themResidency requirements, inability to obtain school records and lack of transportation are primary barriers to public education for more than 750,000 homeless children annually† (F leisher). Those that are eligible for the programs don’t get them, then what’s even the point of them? The funding that does go in is a waste for those that are scammed. Another reason as to why homelessness has gotten out of control is because of the unequal attention that is given by leaders of the United States. After the Hepatitis outbreak was in full swirl, San Diegos leaders thought that it was the time to act upon the homelessness crisis due to those on the streets with Hepatitis. The idea of bridge shelters, the first step to permanent housing, had been circling around on discussion tables but had only been reinforced when the Hepatitis crisis emerged (Lee). Starting up tents and shelters seem like the easy way out that the city leaders are taking to temporarily try to contain the homeless situation. While these solutions will not solve the issue, it is better than people sleeping on the streets. The Hepatitis A epidemic emerged in San Diego forcing the government to take control over the homelessness problem. But is this what it took to get everyones attention? In the governments mind, it seems as if they are all thinking â€Å"its time to fix this issue so the rest of the community doesn’t suffer†. But the outbreak of Hepatitis A shouldn’t have been the awakening call. More should have been done and the outbreak shouldn’t have been the catalyst. The mayor of San Diego couldn’t even fulfill his promise. He had said that he would reduce homelessness and it would be his, â€Å"No. 1 social service priority†. But the time never came. The plan never went through and was left on the drawing boards (Lee). Consistency is vital when trying to overcome any problem. Divided attention can leave so many quality filled ideas untouched. In general, if more reserved attention was given minor instances of homelessness can be solved eventually leading to the entire problem itself being solved. For example, starting with San Diego and then moving on to a bigger pool. As mentioned before, the right to housing is protected in many nationally published documents. While these documents specifically cater to children, men, women, and different races, the government fails to recognize the other forms of homelessness. For example, chronically ill and veterans are their top priority. Data shows that the homelessness system prioritizes certain types of homelessness over others. Their focus is on the chronically homeless especially those who have a good employment record. Because of this the other majority of homeless are unable to access and benefit from the full welfare system which is provided (Kahachi). A chronically homeless person is an unaccompanied person with a disabling condition who has been homeless for a year or an unaccompanied person with a disabling condition who has had four or more occurrences of homelessness in three years (Kahachi). The government has set benchmarks throughout the years, each one hoping to end a sector of homelessness. They are ending homelessness for veterans by 2015, chronic homelessness by 2017, and homelessness for families with children and youth by 2020. While it is biased to prefer one type of homelessness to end sooner over another, what they had hoped for did not succeed. On the other hand, its not as if the government hasn’t done anything to try and fix this issue. After the crisis of 2008, they realized more steps need to be taken in order to minimize it. If they didn’t step in the wealth system may have collapsed sending homelessness to a whole different level. Policies and strategies were taken into account to stop the pending issue (Kahachi). The steps that were promised that were being taken is the first indicator that the government was trying to help in 2010. Their strategy is called â€Å"Opening Doors: Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness†. Their four prioritized goals were to prevent and end chronic homelessness, homelessness among veterans, homelessness for families, youth, and children in ten years; and set a path to ending all types of homelessness (Kahachi). But what is the actual value of these steps? On the long term, the goals that the government has will probably make a difference. But on a sho rt term, the issue is still at hand. Having this vision that will hopefully be realistic in 10 years is very unrealistic to imagine in the present. Some also believe that housing is the solution to homelessness. To this idea, many proposed building more shelters. The McKinney Act of 1987 is a federal law that provides federal money for homeless shelter programs. Tipper Gore, the wife of the former vice president and advocacy for the homeless, believes that there are solutions to everything and the issue of homelessness is not an intricate problem. All that needs to be done is to allow for more funding (Fleisher). The funding that is given is very low and the time that most residents spent there is not ideal. In fact, many homeless people would say they would prefer staying on the streets than in a shelter. Residents at shelters experience violence, theft, and other forms of abuse. An astounding 826 cases were reported (Semuels). Monthly operating expenses are high and are inconvenient in the eyes of some as well. Many shelters also don’t allow the homeless to bring their own belongings when they check in. This forces residents to leave behind valued items and items of necessity (Semuels). What the homeless need is a stable home-like en vironment where they feel safe. Not somewhere that can be potentially dangerous and unwelcoming. To conclude, the numbers of homelessness are constantly growing and the government hasn’t done enough to stop them. They violate human rights, allow for a corrupt welfare and economic system, and don’t maintain a sustained focus when given a problem of homelessness to deal with. While small things like buying someone a meal can make someones night a life a lot more enjoyable, it will not end the problem of homelessness in the long run. If the government does more for the cause and realizes their mistakes, this ongoing issue will not be an issue anymore. The streets would be happier as would the rest of the citizens affecting the overall moral of the country. If the government truly has interest upon the well being of their citizens, they should be doing more and changing their many mistakes to try and end homelessness.

Summary Of Moses Wright Essay - 1585 Words

August 29, 1955. Moses Wright On the 28 of August, 2 white men came to visit my house at around 2:30 am. They pounded on the door and asked to talk to the boy, Emmett Till. Emmett admitted days before that he was scared that they would visit the house because he talkd to a white shop owner and had asked to leave, however, my wife Elizabeth Wright decided there was nothin’ to worry about and the situation had just been blown out of proportion. It is now the 29th of August at 7:30am and I haven’t heard nothin’ about my nephew, Emmett. I had heard very little of the situation that Emmett was in, I didn’t think no one would come to my house because of it, especially at the hour of the day it was. At the time of the crime, I was preaching to a group in the local church, I had no idea what was going on outside, him and his friends were supposed to be in there but they mustv’e left during it when I wasn’t looking. Later that day I had heard that 8 friends plus Emmett had cause a little trouble by whistling at a cashier, Emmett was apparently the only one who did this crime but the others has been egging him on. I was gonna tell him off because thats a real danger down her in Money, Mississippi, its not as bad in Chicago where he’s living at the moment but he just don’t know that. He’s not used to living in such a segregated area but I still didn’t think he would be so stupid to flirt with a white cashier. I hope that he arrives home soon, I was supposed to look after him andShow MoreRelatedModern Challenges Of The Middle East Around 4000 Years Ago Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesalone and the commendation came right. In this manner, Judaism follows back its legacy to the agreement that God made with Abraham and his ancestry –the Israelites. The essential figures of the Israelite were Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the prophet Moses. The custom of Judaism grounded in the religious, moral and the social law as they enunciated in the Torah that was the first book in the Hebrew Bible. The Jewish consecrated content incorporates the Bible that they call Tanakh; an acronym for theRead More Christopher J.H. Wright Essay2385 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction In the book by Christopher J.H. Wright, Knowing Jesus Through the Old Testament, the author argues the very existence of Jesus Christ in the New Testament is portrayed within the Old Testament. Wright writes, â€Å"the deeper you go into understanding the Old Testament, the closer you will come to the heart of Jesus† (ix). Wright explains many Christians love Jesus, but do not know much about the Scriptures that He read. 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Business Case Analysis - 1001 Words

In this particular situation, from my perspective as the furniture manufacturer, I believe that negotiation would be the best means by which to solve the problem with the store owner. By using negotiation, the furniture store and my manufacturing business may be able to reconcile and continue dealing with each other after we have resolved the issue. With negotiation, the tone is not very formal, outside legal counsel is not required, and the parties to negotiation set their own terms, making it generally more cost effective and efficient than other methods. By comparison, in the case of arbitration or litigation, the proceedings are far more formal and expensive, the process takes much longer, and in the case of litigation in†¦show more content†¦Therefore, due to the potential harm this holdup may cause, I would offer a formal apology to both the store owner and the store’s customers in this situation. An apology letter may calm the customers down and may keep th em motivated to remain on the waiting list. Since apology law protects this from being seen as an admission of guilt in Ontario, this may help to facilitate reconciliation. Upon negotiating, I would agree to offer some of the money that will be lost due to the breach of contract while my business seeks out a new supplier. I would also assure that a written contract with the supplier will be created so that the store owner can be assured that my business is making steps to ensure that an issue such as this one will not occur again. It’s not likely that the furniture store would be able to fight my business â€Å"all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada†. The simple fact of the matter is that in any legal action, there is no inherent right to the Supreme Court. Very few cases are heard by the Supreme Court, and they are often the ones that deal with very serious injustices, and usually pertain to criminal matters. Thus, the Supreme Court would be very unlikely to hear a breach of contract case involving two small businesses. As well, a significant proportion of civil cases do not move past the Discovery stage and actually proceed to trial. When aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Madonna Business Case Analysis634 Words   |  3 PagesMadonna Business Case Analysis This business case analysis explores the theme of strategy by examining the career of Madonna, the world’s highest earning female entertainer, and one of the most business savvy women in the world . The case analysis identifies the impact that strategy can have on successful performance, and that it can be applied to both individuals as well as organizations. As we see in the example Madonna demonstrates that strategy is not about creating a detailed plan, but aboutRead MoreCase Study : Westlake Lanes : How Can This Business Be Saved?1607 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis: Westlake Lanes: How can this business be saved? 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Religion in the colonies free essay sample

John Calvin had a major influence on the English colonies in America. Calvin was a Frenchmen who broke from the Catholic Church and developed his own form of Christianity. The first Great Awakening begins in the early around 171 5 up to the American Revolution. It is an emotional religious revival. It began in Calvinist churches. The Great Awakening focuses primarily on the idea of the free will. It has a huge impact on the colonies. It causes splits in several religious denominations. It weakens authority by getting people to essentially question, Is a preacher really needed to lead to salvation? It increases the growth In religious freedom. The Quakers arose at the time as well, with George Fox and William . The Quakers believed In the Inner light and that there Is that of God In every man. There Is a light In every person. They supported gender and racial equality and believed that everyone should be treated equally. We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in the colonies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were persecuted everywhere for their beliefs. The main issue in the Quakers persecutions was that there was a strain toward individualism and diversity demands increasing religious toleration as a basic civil right ND the Quakers challenged every notion of the orthodox community by pressing for religious toleration as a basic civil right. 1 Separatists are considered Calvinist whom settled Plymouth and decided to leave the Church of England. The Puritans stay to purify the church. The Quakers had a very positive outlook on life. Everyone was a child of God in their eyes. Most Europeans saw the Native Americans as savages. However, William held the utmost Quaker perspective. He believed that they should be treated as equals and he admired their language, diet, customs, ND manners, and their overall way of life.The Enlightenment period also arose. It was more so Intellectual and . It is among the elite. It began in the 1500 sand peaks by the 1600 smith international (France), and Isaac Newton (England). They all came up with the natural law. They believe that, There must be a natural law for everything. Dont accept anything on faith. It must be proven with logic, math, etc. They believed that the happiness of mankind could be best advanced through the sole use of reason. 2 The Enlightenment had an interesting impact on religion at the time.It helped to begin atheism, agnosticism, and deism. The deist felt that the duties that were developed by Christianity were no longer needed. The Enlightenment had a major impact on the Founders and their government. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Adams all declared themselves deist at the time. Thomas declared to be an atheist. With this being said, the Divine Right theory was created. It held the argument that the King ruled with divine right because God chose him to. They felt that if one opposes the King, they must oppose God as well.Many people didnt support the Enlightenment idea. John Cotton served as a prime example of those who did not support religious toleration or democracy. To Cotton, the visible church had the task of educating the mass of believers in the spirit of the true religious ideal and the government [shall be] sovereign. 3 He felt that there should be one uniform religion, Puritan, and that God should be the only one to make rules for the Christian people. He believed that a democracy for the church would only make people more inferior to those who were apart of the government. As the colonies began to become less close to their European home front in England and the Church of England, many people began to stray away from the traditional Church of England and Join and even create new dominations. So many changes took place in religion and politics that it emphasizes the fact that, New England was rapidly moving from a state of homogeneous Puritanism to heterogeneous colonialism. 4 The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment played a huge part in the new society and government in the colonies.

Central bank free essay sample

Moderate inflation is an inevitable consequence of sustained economic growth. It can enhance economic growth by mobilizing the resources of a country. and it is one of the most closely watched measures of an economy. most economists think that a little inflation is necessary in a growing economy, but high inflation rates are harmful to most people and to governments. For the last five years, Ethiopia has recorded sustaining economic growth. However, inflation in Ethiopia is beyond the break-even point. Instead of stimulating economic growth, inflationary pressure in Ethiopia seems to be on the verge of distorting the allocation of resources and is likely to be a deterrent to undertaking productive investments. It is quite clear that the main determinants of inflation in Ethiopia are imports, depreciation of the Ethiopian birr, and a decline in the domestic lending interest rates or an increase in broad money supply the Ethiopian monetary authorities need to tighten the stock of money in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Central bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A tight monetary policy could serve as an anchor for inflationary pressure in Ethiopia. Thus, it is absolutely vital that economic policymakers design strategies that could curtail the on-going erosion of purchasing power to curb inflation before it deepens the economic crisis and contributes to political instability. By and large, Ethiopia has recorded seventeen years of economic stagnation under the leadership of The Derg, a military government. In 1990/91, the growth rate of the Ethiopian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was -3.2 percent, cyclical unemployment was about 12 percent, the rate of inflation was about 21 percent, and the country’s budget was at a deficit of 29 percent of GDP. For the last five years, contemporary Ethiopia has gathered momentum by recording a steady economic growth. Along with this growth, however, the country has seen an accelerated, double-digit increase in the price of goods and services. Thus, inflation has remained a scourge of the Ethiopian economy (Kassahun, 2002; Tadesse, Demissie, Goodo, 2008). Stated in simple words, Ethiopia at this juncture is faced with an overheating economy. With  the global soaring price of oil, wheat, corn, and minerals, this condition cannot be regarded as unique to the Ethiopian situation. What makes this a special case is that Ethiopia is a low-income country. The increase in National Consumer Price Index (the main gauge of inflation) has become very detrimental to the low-income groups and retirees who live off a fixed income. The risk of inflationary pressure is reducing the purchasing power of the Ethiopian birr. Since the current inflation rate in Ethiopia was â€Å"almost 40 percent year-on-year in May 2008, driven largely by rapidly rising domestic food prices† (IMF,2008), therefore an item which used to cost one birr a year ago now costs one birr and 40 cents. That is, the value of one birr is approximately 71 Given that a large portion of county’s population lives in absolute poverty (i.e., less than one dollar per day), it is time that the regime in power identifies the salient factors that might be contributing to inflation in Ethiopia. Also, it is absolutely vital that economic policymakers design strategies that could curtail the on-going erosion of purchasing power to curb inflation before it deepens the economic crisis and contributes to political instability (Desta, 1993). The focus of this study is to examine both the main causes and the consequences of existing inflationary pressure in Ethiopia. The first section provides the literature review, which briefly discusses the theoretical formulations of inflation The final section contains the summery and conclusion of the study and provides some suggestions on how to control the current inflationary pressure in Ethiopia and prevent the resurgence of inflation at a minimum cost in terms of output loss. 2. Review of literature 2.1. Determinants of Inflation There are various theories proposed by various economists to explain the determinants of inflation. In this study, the various theories of inflation are grouped into 1) inflation as an economic growth phenomenon, 2) demand-pull and cost-push theories of inflation 3) the monetarist explanation of the causes of inflation, and 4) fiscal budget deficit as a source of inflationary pressure. 2.1.1Inflation as an Economic Growth Phenomenon From theoretical and empirical perspective, determining the direction of causality between economic growth and inflation in the developing countries is very controversial ( Hossain Chowdhurry, 1996). In 1950s, the Structuralist Economist view of inflation, as pioneered in Latin America, persuasively argued that moderate inflation and economic growth are positively related. This was in contradiction to the policy advice of the international lending institutions (Meier, 1995; Mallik Chowdhurry, 2001). Stated in simple terms, inflation stimulates the economy since nominal wages may lag behind prices, allowing for slower adjustment to wage expectation. Similarly, the Keynesian economic perspective assumed that moderate inflation might accelerate economic growth by raising the rate of profit, thus increasing private investment (Jung Marshall, 1986). According to Meier, inflation accelerates economic growth in two ways: â€Å"by redistributing income from workers and peasants, who are assumed to have a low marginal propensity to save, to capitalist entrepreneurs, who have assumed to have a high marginal propensity to save and invest; and by raising the nominal rate of return on investment relative to the rate on interest, thus promoting investment† (1995). Capitalizing on the Keynesian theoretical framework, the ruling party in Ethiopia seems to attribute the surge in inflation to macroeconomic growth. As stated by Goodo, â€Å"The Ethiopian government admits that inflationary pressure has become very severe. However, it also claims that the economy has been growing at 10% for five consecutive years and it is healthy at present.† (Hassan, 2008). Using the full-employment model, it is possible to assume that if a nation achieves full employment, economic growth is likely to precipitate an inflationary situation. Since the 10 percent increase in nominal GDP cannot keep pace with a 40 percent inflation rate, the acceleration of economic growth seems to be overstated. In fact, it is possible to assert that double digit inflation in Ethiopia is nothing but a clear sign of an unhealthy economy (Goodo, 2008). As persuasively argued by Barro, the inflationary situation in a country could have a negative-structural-break effect on economic growth, if the sustained increase in prices is more than 15 percent (1996). The inflationary economic growth process generates distortions in the allocation of resources under the free market system. It may not bear fruit if the Ethiopian citizens do  not â€Å"have confidence in the stability of the value of money, and . . . if inflationary financing is not accompanied by governmental policies of holding down the wage and interest costs of business enterprises† (Meier, 1995, pp. 180).