The Value of Liberal Arts Essay Example for Free

The Value of Liberal Arts Essay Aesthetic Sciences can be characterized as the investigation of general information, humanities, expressive arts, regular science and sociology, rather than specialized examinations. These subjects are viewed as vital for individuals in the public eye. A Liberal Arts instruction is significant in light of the fact that it is scholarly, it shows you how to think, and elevates imagination. Considering Liberal Arts will improve my abilities and will form me into a balanced individual with a Nursing profession. In contrast to most expert investigations with an attention on profession objectives, Liberal Art plans at understudy for this present reality. Most understudies don't know about the significance and estimation of a Liberal Arts instruction. Courses like English, History, Psychology, Philosophy, and Christianity shows you how to compose and comprehend. It gives you a superior comprehension of the world and improves your relational abilities. With such an assortment understudies will be increasingly conclusive about thoughts, convictions, issues, and decisions. This will set them up for the predicaments they will look on the planet. Advanced education isn't about basically getting a decent line of work after graduation. A liberal school gives you esteems and principles that will make you a superior individual. With a nursing significant I will require the relational abilities that a Liberal Arts training will give. This will assist me with connecting better with my patients and colleagues and get contrasts. Working in a nursing home or medical clinic I will encounter various individuals and convictions. I have a few abilities, yet an instruction with an assortment will give me a bit of leeway over medical caretakers with an essential 2-year degree that is vocation orientated. I decipher it as HBU giving me an establishment. Nursing pre-requirements simultaneous with Liberal Arts pre-essential gives me venturing stones into the nursing program. I will acquire information along these lines and once I do enter the program I will be even. A portion of my colleagues believe that the pre-necessities are more earnestly than the real program due to the assortment, yet I oppose this idea. A portion of my secondary school cohorts needed to go to HBU yet were stopped due to the Liberal Arts and Christianity prerequisites. They felt parties like assembly and book of scriptures examines were pointless and exhausting, however they assist you with growing better ethics and control. They will come up short on these highlights that I will have. Liberal investigations expect you to be aesthetic and consider new ideas. Administrators at the random temp jobs I have had come up short on those highlights, and that’s why they were terrible bosses. A liberal school gives understudies a littler getting the hang of setting which empowers us to create associations with educators and understudies. It’s far superior to a significant that’s carefully pre-drug or pre-drug store. It’s altogether different from a non-liberal school. It creates connections between the educators and understudies. This is inconceivable at a school with over a hundred thousand understudies. I didn't know about how liberal this school was until my SOAR direction. Courses like Philosophy and Psychology can be applied to life. As I would see it, secondary school wasn’t sufficiently liberal. My companions and I would wind up asking, â€Å"When would we say we are going to utilize this stuff?† and â€Å"Why don’t they encourage us stuff that’s useful?† Where would we be able to apply science if we’re not a Chemist? I say thanks to GOD for carrying me to HBU. At the point when I graduate I realize I will be solid and steady for the world. The clinical field is an upsetting profession. You truly must be balanced in light of the fact that you are managing individuals. As an attendant you need to comprehend your patients particularly when you are in a nursing home. Generally speaking, I am truly getting a charge out of this experience. HBU has this soul that causes me to feel extraordinary.

BHL Assessment

Educate Bob with respect to his legally binding commitments to WAY Ltd. Specifically, survey and assess his precedent-based law obligations in contrast with legally binding commitments as a representative and the potential result of break. An agreement of work might be composed or verbal and there is definitely not a legal obligation for a business to gracefully the worker with a composed agreement. Anyway under the Employment Rights Act 1 996 Section (1) a composed articulation of points of interest is required and under Section 1(2) this might be given in portions however no longer than two months after the work has started.Contracts contain terms' which can either be communicated or inferred and it is significant for bosses to think cautiously while making an agreement as it might should be depended upon later on should any debate or vagueness emerge. Daniels (201 2 page 35) characterizes communicated terms as â€Å"terms that have been talked about and concurred between the busi ness and employee† â€Å"they may not be recorded as a hard copy and they can't reduce legal rights†. She characterizes suggested terms as â€Å"those that have not been explicitly concurred between the business and worker yet are gotten from aggregate understanding, resolution, custom and practice and the courts†.Examples of what is viewed as express terms incorporate the measure of debilitated, occasion and repetition pay and the measure of wages or hours expected to be worked. Suggested terms are diverse in that they will be the equivalent for most agreements of business regardless of what the action is including obligations owed to the worker by the business and the other way around, for example, the obligation to pay and so on. Weave ought to know that under customary law there are sure obligations owed by him as a worker to his manager WAY Ltd.Emir (2012 page 307) states â€Å"Since the connection among business and representative is one of trust ND certai nty the law suggests into the agreement of business the term that each worker should serve his boss dependably'. Concerning the entirety of the provisions and what Bob is at present doing which is working for a rival in his extra time he is now breaking one of the main precedent-based law obligations which is the obligation of loyal assistance, Emir (2012 page 308) states that â€Å"It is a penetrate of the worker's obligation of dependable help to contend with the business while he is still employed†.The instances of Adamson v B and L Cleaning Services Ltd (1995) and Ward Evans Financial Services Ltd v Fox (2001 ) are instances of a break of loyal help as well as of loyalty which will be talked about further on. Statement one educates Bob that he isn't to commit whenever that ought to be spent in deal with some other business or ‘charitable endeavourer except if he has composed assent by the company.This condition set out by WAY Ltd isn't sensible in the manner it is w orded, as at times Bob has an obligation to dedicate his time that ought to be spent in work to different undertakings on the off chance that it is essential. One case of this would be jury obligation which anybody meeting the particular standards is obliged to participate in except if there are explicit and uncommon protections, and to authorize that Bob must have it recorded as a hard copy before he is to go to such exercises isn't reasonable.If it were discovered that this condition was outlandish then the statement may get invalid. In any case on the off chance that it was resolved to be reasonable, at that point this case would be like Wishes Dairies v Smith (1935) where the legitimate rule recognized was that the obligation of devotion goes on until the work has finished. In spite of the fact that Bob has not yet penetrated this obligation, he has penetrated a few others identifying with this the first being an obligation of shared trust and confidence.In the instance of Mali v BCC AS (in Liz) 1997) Lord Steen expressed â€Å"the boss will not without sensible and legitimate reason, behave in a way determined and liable to demolish or genuinely harm the relationship of certainty and trust among boss and employee† (Painter and Holmes 2012 page 145). The term ‘mutual' signifies ‘joint' or both in understanding so this announcement works the two different ways in that the worker additionally has an inferred obligation not to act so that would disturb or cause enmity among manager and representative. Bounce has broken this obligation by working for a contender despite the fact that it might be in his extra time.It ought to likewise be perceived that in spite of the fact that Bob has all the earmarks of being a senior designer, on the off chance that he is working for another organization in his leisure time because of the business not working out quite as well as it has been then he should be on commission or a party time contract as thoug h he was on a fixed term or full time contract his compensation would continue as before regardless of what hours he worked. Condition two expresses that during the time of his business Bob ought not participate in whatever other work which may influence the manner by which he completes his own work for WAY Ltd. The advanced act of ‘moonlighting' whereby a representative attempts save time work outside his work our own can raise issues, especially if the work is in rivalry with the businesses business† (Emir 201 2 page 318). The instance of Gray v C and P Pembroke Ltd (1972) which is like Bob's circumstance underpins this thought working for a contender isn't regarded satisfactory on the off chance that it is communicated in the agreement in any case, anyway Frame v McKenna and Graham Ltd (1974) found that it was worthy in the event that it not referenced in the agreement of employment.Cases which would recommend Bob is in penetrate of his custom-based law obligations wh enever followed would be Havoc Ltd V park Royal Scientific Instruments Ltd (1946), Nearby Dean of Westminster (1999), Lewis v Underworld Garages Ltd (1986), Reading v Attorney General (1951 ) and the latest instance of Vegetarian v Churchill Group Ltd (2013). Working two jobs joins with the thinking that a trustee obligation should exist among managers and employees.Lord Wolf's view on guardian obligation is that â€Å"The business is qualified for the resolute dedication of his worker. The worker must act in compliance with common decency; he should not make a benefit out of his trust; he should not put himself in a position where his obligation and his advantage may struggle; he may not represent his own advantage or he advantage of an outsider without the educated assent regarding his employer† (Broodier 2012 page 1).However there is a contention concerning how far this trustee relationship goes and it was perceived on account of University of Nottingham v Tweet (1999) tha t uncertain phrasing may create turmoil with regards to the idea of the connection among manager and representative. Despite the fact that the precedent-based law obligations require steadfastness, great confidence and trustworthiness, to accept that a representative is to give his/her everything to their boss and that the agreement of business is a trustee one is bogus. Anyway the instance of Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd v Tundra (2006) is a complexity in to the degree of trustee obligation that is owed.The instances of Bell v Lever Brow (1931 ) and Osborn Corp. v Reecho (1984) are cases including a senior individual from the group and it is frequently applied that they have a more noteworthy obligation attributable to the business to unveil their own unfortunate behavior than maybe a representative would have. In proviso two notwithstanding, the limitation might be considered excessively wide in that it confines him from undertaking any work which may preferentially influence his capacity to complete his work for WAY and says that again it will be at he attentiveness of the company.It might be regarded UN-sensible to consider that the organization would should be educated regarding each action did in Bob's extra time and that it would be dependent upon them to settle on a choice about how biased it is. Painter and Holmes (2012 page 151) express that â€Å"The courts are hesitant to acknowledge that what laborers do in their extra time ought to be of any worry of the business as in Nova Plastics Ltd v Forget (1982). Be that as it may, now and again they will undoubtedly do as such. This announcement underlines that in spite of the fact that it is in light of a legitimate concern for the business to know about cap their representatives do in their extra time, the proviso limiting Bob from doing any action in his extra time except if the organization has concurred might be to wide and preposterous. An obligation of loyalty is owed under custom-based law and g uarantees that â€Å"Employees must not do exercises that plainly struggle with the obligation that they owe to their employer† (Daniels 2012 page 44).The commitment not to contend with a business can be viewed as a communicated term and included as a prohibitive pledge. In spite of the fact that he has just penetrated this obligation by working for a contender WAY could constrain this harm further if there was a prohibitive rent in the agreement demonstrating that Bob couldn't set up a contending business, for example, the association he wishes to entertain himself with Michael for a specific timeframe and inside a specific land area on the off chance that it is regarded ‘reasonable'.Bob's case is like the one of Sanders v repel (1967) supported up by Coleman Dammar Ltd v Sakes (2001 anyway the instances of Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd v Tundra (2006), Customer Systems Pl v Ransom (2012) and Tim Russ and Co v Robertson (2011) all show that it tends to be hard to autho rize these contracts on the off chance that they are not considered sensible or the representative can demonstrate it was after the course of business had ended.Along with a prohibitive pledge being embedded to non-contend, on the off chance that a nursery leave condition were likewise present, at that point it would keep Bob from rivaling WAY by heading off to another business, for example, Michaels or keep him from setting up his own business inside a specific measure of time. This condition is regularly embedded as it very well may be indistinct what the understanding of the courts will respect non prohibitive agreements and businesses wish to shield themselves from the chance of representatives leaving to work for a contending equines and taking with them information they may have picked up from the company.Garden leave was brought to the consideration of the courts on account of William Hill Organization Ltd Tucker (19

Substance Abuse Clinical Assessment; Treatment Plan Essay

Name of Client: David J. General Information: 18yo male. by and by looking for treatment @ network mental health place following a horrendous mishap that finished any opportunities for a football calling. Clinical/Physical Health Status: family Dr. expressed David perchance has wretchedness as an outcome of the mishap ; as yet recovering from hurt. Business/Work History and Financial occupations and Support Status: HS dot out ; parent’s divorces. lives with female parent. gotten support from kin as long as 2 months after mishap Medication/Alcohol Use and Treatment History: Pain Master of Educations for hurt ; takes more than endorsed ; tried positive THC meth and A ; narcotics ; assuming this was the customers first visit to the healer. Family ancestry of Alcohol/Drug Use ( 2 coevalss ) : none. Legitimate Problems/Legal Status: Illegal medication utilization. Family ancestry: Parent’s separated ; Father is African American. Mother is Hispanic. no indicant of family unit mental health issues or substance abuse Family/Social and Interpersonal Relationss: Mother’s most loved child. Appears to hold a troublesome clasp pass oning with male parent. male parent is boisterous and furious. customer is increasingly detached when male parent is non about. kin were strong undermentioned mishap. by and by for the last 5 hebdomads they have been unsupportive. Just youngster populating a spot. He has a companion that comes more than 2 - multiple times per hebdomad. Utilization of Recreational Time: He used to luxuriate seeing school companions and playing computer games. be that as it may, presently reports holding no vitality for much else. Gripes of missing vitality to see individuals. Mental/Mental Health Status and Intra-individual View: He reports â€Å"I may each piece great be dead. I can’t do anything now and ne'er will† Self ruinous conduct. sidestepping to loss of expectation/surrendering. Otherworldliness/Role of Religion: unknown.Diagnostic ImpressionAXIS I: Substance abuse related bombshells. State of mind upset. Modification upset. Conceivable Eating upset. Depiction: harming drug abuse and demonstrating positive by means of uranalysis for THC. narcotics. and A ; Methedrines. Emotional episodes †brief he is energized and loquacious and A ; in a couple of hours or following twenty-four hours he will kick of non holding any vitality or associations. Change †he felt that the mishap was the terminal of any possibility for an expert calling. encountering miserable. inadequacy of excitement for securing sound. ( Possible weight reduction ) Hub II: N/A. Portrayal: N/A. Hub III: Leg injury-compound break left leg above articulatio sort 10 months back *Referred by essential consideration doctor. Hub IV: Primary care group. instructive employments. Issues identified with cultural condition. other psychosocial and ecological employments. Hub V: GAF: 47. Emergency course and mediation plans: medicate utilization †reference it. talk about it ; recommend recovery for medicate utilization reckless ideation-reference issue with customer. Treatment Plan: A. Portrayal of hypothetical records utilized: 1. Momentary closures: I. Help of manifestations of gloom. II. Reestablish associations with old companions. III. Find at any rate one new actuates that inspire positive emotions. IV. Build up no self image injury contract. V. David will depict no reckless ideation for 4 consecutive hebdomads. VI. Learn get bying achievements to take a shot at modify and adjust to injury. VII. Figure out how to put maladaptive. negative thoughts and how to replce them with increasingly positive versatile thoughts which will be estimated by indicating these achievements during treatment. Sessionss and by prep assignments for 4 consecutive hebdomads. 2. Long haul closes: I. Investigate guidance choices. II. Research reliable single treatment. III. Substance abuse Recovery. Gathering treatment. IV. Improve feeling of inner self and affirmation. V. Stable emotionally supportive network. VI. Diminish symptons of sadness. B. Model of single treatment: ( persuasive meeting. bunch treatment. fam treatment. and so on ) 1. Singular treatment twice a hebdomad for 4 hebdomads the one time a hebdomad for 6 hebdomads until side effects have affirmed pending different requests and additionally limitations ( protection. intercessions establishment requests. and so on ). *Counselor and customer will deliberately locate the future class of the Sessionss. 2. Individual Centered/Humanistic assault ( he opened up with female healers simple ). C. Adjunctive referrals: Therapist will specify customer to 12 measure plan ( Narcotics anon. . precious stone meth anon. . maryjane anon. ) as well as detox establishment. D. Explicit mediations for explicit indicating issues: 1. Drug the board Reevaluate doctor prescribed meds with clinical doctor. 2. Singular treatment investigate. technique. . and A ; choose burdensome feelings and get bying achievements. 3. Family treatment investigate and A ; help family to comprehend kineticss. negative structures and A ; occupations in the family unit development. Elevate family to larn and amp ; use imparting and battle revelation achievements. 4. Exercise based recuperation as a stinging lessening to chop down harming Master of Educations 5. No self-hurt agreement. 5. Increment parent’s and sibling’s capacity to back up and amp.

Cruise Shipping Industry Impacts On Tourism In Jamaica Tourism Essay

Journey Shipping Industry Impacts On Tourism In Jamaica Tourism Essay Part 1 Presentation of the Cruise Shipping Industry and how it impacts on the travel industry in Jamaica The travel industry is the movement for relaxation, business or recreational purposes outside of ones standards for close to a year. It has become the biggest and quickest developing industry in the worldwide economy. In 1871 an American ocean chief called Lorenzo Dow Baker cruised into Port Antonio and took with him a payload of coconuts and 1,450 stems of bananas. The benefit that he made in Boston immediately caused him to understand the potential for the zone since benefits from the offer of the bananas were extraordinary he before long assembled a flourishing fare business, called The Boston Fruit Company, which later turned into the United Fruit Company. He possessed 40 banana estates and transported 3,000,000 packs every year at its pinnacle. He later observed the potential for the travel industry in Jamaica and set up the principal journey boat to and from Port Antonio. So he began cruising guests from the freezing New England states to Jamaica of Port Antonio in his unfilled banana vessels. He at that point constructed Jamaicas first lodging called the Titchfield Hotel in the mid 1900s. In 1905 the lodging was 600 feet of open space and 400 rooms. It was said that no inn on that side of the Atlantic Sea had given any of those enhancements that serve so generally to the joy of voyagers. This started to flourish in Jamaica after World War I, when improved techniques for transportation made it simpler for individuals to get from one nation to the next. Signs are that in the mid 1920s the quantity of visitors visiting the island every year likely didn't surpass a couple thousand. By 1938 the figure had ascended to 64,000, and in 1952 the quantity of appearances nearly multiplied to more than 104,000; in 1966 the number surpassed 345,000, and in 1970 almost 415,000. In 1982 it surpassed 600,000. Since the 1987â ­88 season, the quantity of guests has surpassed one million every year and has kept on developing, incompletely because of the extraordinary increment in the appearances of voyage transport travelers. All out appearances for 1993 were 1,616,430. The journey transporting industry has various effects on the Jamaican the travel industry. It is one of the quickest developing areas of the travel industry, is getting increasingly famous to voyagers and has a decent potential for development. In Jamaica the business offers to the mass market travels. These are the travels which are decently evaluated and requests to pretty much every kind of individual. The Caribbean is one of the most the travel industry subordinate areas on the planet with Jamaica being the most needy as the primary wellspring of salary which brings 25 percent of GDP. Effects looked by the travel industry shift from the ecological perspective, socio-social, and affordable. As it identifies with the earth Cruise ships speak to under 1% of the worldwide shipper  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡eet yet it has been evaluated that they are liable for 25% of all waste produced by vendor vessels. This volume of waste produces pressures on the earth, especially regarding transport created squ ander removal at home ports and ports of call. Other adverse effects incorporate conveying limit which is the most extreme number of people suggested on a specific eco-framework before this outcome in consumption of its characteristic assets. Negative socio-social effects confronted local people incorporate the utilization of assets which may cause clashes, for example, rivalry among vacationer and nearby populaces for the utilization of prime assets like water and vitality as a result of the rare gracefully. Another negative effect is financial imbalance, among local people and visitors, where sightseers regularly spend more than they for the most part do at home, local people may appear to feel sub-par compared to the travelers as they can't do such huge spending which may cause social conflicts. Positive effects are local people and travelers get the opportunity to impart their social contrasts to one another. Affordable effects of voyage delivering in Jamaica are the expansion o f remote trade income, benefit and expenses, work, externalities, terms of exchange, and economies of scale. Also, journey the travel industry requires less framework contrasted with visit the travel industry at a vacationer goal. Negative effects on the travel industry economy are spillages of traveler consumption which present an issue to voyage goals. Spillages comprise of vacationer income streaming out of Jamaica in which it was spent. The principle wellsprings of spillages are customer products (particularly food and drink), repatriation of benefits, abroad special costs and taking care of outside obligation. On the off chance that the pay from the travel industry goes to individuals who dwell outside of the nation, rather than inhabitants, the advantages of the travel industry are little. Voyage the travel industry has been reprimanded for forcing nearby expenses without repaying benefits. Journey traveler spending is coordinated towards shopping where neighborhood content is low. Motivation behind the investigation Jamaica is a wonderful island yet in the previous decades the nation has been changed into a momentous vacationer goal, and in the process devastating a couple of the normal excellence en route. In exploring the journey dispatching industry, I am planning to discover the positive and the negative effects of the voyage transporting industry on Jamaica and in the event that it can support all the voyage ships seen coming in to the ports, taking into account that it is a blasting business. I will likewise try to see whether Jamaica will have the option to suit all the individuals going to the island on the double through each port. Effects, for example, what effects does journey ships have on the biological arrangement of Jamaica? What are the environmental effects on the ports visited? What are the consequences for union going on in the journey business? 1.2 Significance of the Study The partners that this examination will profit are the Jamaica Tourist Board, the travel industry understudies, the Cruise Shipping industry and the travel industry area all in all, as this will help them in settling on further choices gauging the masters and the cons of this industry on its monetary advantage as well as its effect on the earth. 1.3 Statement of the issue In the event that sewage from the voyage ships is discharged in the ports at each visit, at that point the marine biological system will be harmed and cause mischief to living life forms. On the off chance that such a large number of individuals visit the island without a moment's delay from a voyage transport then the aggregate sum of adequate settlement will be surpassed making irreversible harms Jamaica. 1.4 Research Questions Toward the finish of this finish of this examination the inquiries I would like to answer are: What the plans are for the sewage control for each port in Jamaica? Who for the most part profits by the travelers when they visit the legislature or general society (local people)? On the off chance that the analysis is valid on whether has forced nearby expenses without remunerating benefits. On the off chance that local people are denied from water and power when voyage ships are at the ports. Meaning of Terms Voyage transport If local people are denied from water and power when journey ships are at the ports. Solidification The procedure of development in certain business sectors whereby littler organizations are obtained or come up short on business, leaving just a couple of prevailing players Biological effects Effect on living life form and their non-living (a biotic) domain because of human movement or regular marvel Conservative Impacts-Economy-wide (macroeconomic) impact on work and livelihoods delivered by a choice, occasion, or arrangement. Gross domestic product Gross Domestic Product Spillages spillage is the non-utilization employments of salary, including sparing, assessments, and imports Ports-a city, town, or other spot where boats stack or empty Port of call-A port visited by a voyage transport yet where travelers don't start or end their excursion. Socio-social effects social and social issues

Comparing two emperors, one Chinese and one Roman Essay

Looking at two heads, one Chinese and one Roman - Essay Example The Roman Empire started around 1000BCE and its capacity started from administering the old towns around the city of Rome. In its previous long stretches of arrangement the domain was a government however after the ousting of Etruscans in 509 BCE the realm went to a republic and the Romans began their dictator rules and administration. This paper will cover just the standard of Julius Caesar since this was the foundation of the accomplishment of the domain. The Roman Empire central command were in Rome and when Julius Caesar was in power, it vanquished portions of Europe, Asia and Africa. It got perhaps the biggest realm ever . The Han China Empire came to control in the wake of toppling the Qin whose rule was brief. Qin had nullified feudalism and along these lines toppled by Han who governed from 140-87 BCE. The leader of the Han was known as Wu Ti . Dissimilar to the Roman Empire the Han Empire didn't begin as a government since there were officer rule who guaranteed who was to be the ruler. There are likenesses among Han and Roman Empires in the substance of size of the domain and the procurement of land to augment their realms. Han Empire utilized his capacity in the arrangement of a bound together China, at that point began taking once again the neighboring areas. The distinction of the development and securing of more land was not as merciless as that utilized by the Romans. The development of the Roman Empire depended on vanquishing any domain that was starting to pick up power and appeared as a danger to the Roman Empire. This is opposite in examination of the Han Empire.

Has the SAT Lost Its Way

While this is not the first time the SAT has changed, there is something unprecedented about this particular overhaul: the motive behind it. As more is asked of the SAT, might it do fewer things well? As it gets stretched to do more, will something have to give? With the first official data sets from the redesigned PSAT published earlier this month, the promise of the new test appears to remain unmet. Test results introduce unexplained anomalies that have not existed before and unusual scoring patterns and inconsistencies in the released data imply either errors in methodology, weaknesses in test design, or both. Once upon a time the SAT was a college admissions exam, and nothing more. That changed when the idea of a redesigned SAT was introduced a few years ago. Proponents embraced the bold vision of a more relevant exam better aligned with high school curriculum while skeptics questioned the new test’s ability to produce predictively valid results. Could the new test be trusted to do what it was previously meant to do? The popular narrative is that the SAT changed because it was losing out to the ACT. But losing how, exactly? Losing where? Until very recently, the SAT was not losing much market share at the student level but rather at the state-contract level. It was not so much the competitive college applicant market that was favoring the ACT but rather the institutional buyers looking for a test that could serve a range of needs. College Board’s new president had recently arrived with celebrated ties to Common Core standards and understandable interest in the lucrative state testing market associated with it. It was therefore almost inevitable that the organization’s flagship product would not only be redesigned but also reimagined and repurposed. A once high stakes college admissions differentiator sold individually would now transform into a suite of standards-based assessments sold by the thousands. That is when the test’s fate became torn: its future became tied to assessing standards but its mission had long been student differentiation. Could it yoke these competing ideals? Perhaps to a degree, but not by merely redesigning itself; it would have to reposition and redefine itself as well. And parts of that redefining process are now validating concerns raised three years ago. We were assured that the new test would have better transparency, demand greater rigor, and promote the importance of evidence. So far, those pledges have fallen short. For starters, most students have received score reports that inflate their actual performance in one or more ways, but a lack of explanatory context around the data has caused misinterpretation of the results. Secondly, benchmarks have been quietly redefined and lowered resulting in a dubious spike in the number of students deemed â€Å"college ready†. And finally, useful informational detail about newly implemented research methods, particularly pertaining to the use of research study samples to determine percentiles, has not yet been disclosed. Compass Education Group has conducted an extensive analysis of student and counselor PSAT reports; student, parent, and counselor feedback; and all pertinent tables and publications provided by College Board thus far. The result of this research is a thorough explanation of the concerns raised above. The rationale for these critiques is spelled out in great detail. Specific examples of irreconcilable or unexplained data are provided throughout the full downloadable report. (A web  version of the report can be found here.) The Compass report’s findings include: 1) A hypothetical and less competitive measuring stick, along with an inflationary definition of percentile, was discreetly introduced and featured as the primary indicator of a test taker’s relative standing. The additive effect results in as much as a 10% tailwind on a given student’s apparent relative standing. 2) Unexplained score differences between sophomores and juniors are narrower than ever before and in conflict with College Board’s own predictions for expected gains from one year to the next. At the high end of the range, sophomores appear to be outperforming juniors on the whole. 3) Benchmark definitions have been revised and linked to a lower college GPA while benchmark thresholds themselves have also been shifted lower, causing the predicted pass rate to soar above those of competing assessments. The new 12th grade benchmark is 60 points lower than the previous 10th grade benchmark. The new ELA benchmark is readily achieved by random guessing. To be fair, tables surrounding the PSAT are all marked as â€Å"Preliminary.† But if the explanation of the statistical anomalies is that the paint is not yet dry, it begs the question as to what three million students and their educators are to do with the scores they have been presented. The new PSAT reports are more detailed than ever. Which parts of the reports are reliable and which parts remain under construction? Should educators simply set these reports aside for now? Should students not make test-taking and college choice decisions based on these scores? The new SAT’s debut is just weeks away, and many of its components are being built on the same research studies and with the same methods used for the PSAT. It would seem prudent to establish credibility with PSAT data now rather than play catch-up after final SAT numbers are released. While College Board long ago outgrew its official name — College Entrance Examination Board — the PSAT and SAT are still in transition from an earlier time. While the public may still think of the PSAT and SAT primarily as college admission tests, the exams are being tasked with an increasing number of duties — assessment, alignment, benchmarking, merit, gatekeeping, placement— for an increasing number of students and educators. States such as Connecticut, Michigan, Illinois, and Colorado have recently made expensive commitments to the SAT because of the promise of the redesign. Later this year, thousands of colleges will start receiving the new scores and slotting them into millions of applicant files (along with ACT scores). There is no slow build in standardized testing — change happens all at once. The inevitability of the new test, though, does not mean that College Board need only pay attention to operational aspects. The rapid rise in public funding for the PSAT and SAT and the increasing number of tasks for which the exams claim competency require an increased level of scrutiny, accountability, and transparency. The Compass report (web version here) identifies examples of the myriad ways in which the redesigned tests will have to find their way. Implementing an entirely new college admission exam is a Herculean undertaking, and College Board set ambitious delivery goals for both rollout and validity. Efforts to meet deadlines must not undermine the original impetus for the redesign. Trust in the new exam should not come from the fact that its name reuses three letters; students and colleges deserve an SAT that judges fairly and openly.

Cognitive Science - 275 Words

Cognitive Science (Essay Sample) Content: Cognitive ScienceNameInstitutionIn his publication, Ito unfolds the activities that take place in the cerebellum and how such activities can impact different parts of the body. The author explains that the cerebellum is characterized by a vast network of neuron circuitry that encodes the brains internal processes and models that control bodily movements (Ito, 2008). Ito explains that such models and processes are very essential in the control of body movements without the need of sensory feedbacks. The author points out that the characteristics that psychiatric patients portray suggests a mechanism whereby the intuition and implicit thoughts may function.Itoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s argument is valid because relative to other creatures e.g. non-human primates, the human cerebellum and its prefrontal cortex of the brain have undergone notable evolutionary transformations. In the recent past, molecular biology and neuroimaging studies have revealed that as the human cerebellum evolv ed, its original functioning has also changed (Villanueva, 2012). Its functions have improved significantly as compared to those of non-human primates such as monkeys and apes. The increase in the functioning has also been deduced from the postmortem analysis that has been conducted (Villanueva, 2012). Animal experimentations have also enhanced the derivation of the conclusions. As human evolution progressed, the human cerebellum acquired new functions which include control of attention, control of social behavior, emotions and mood (Dehaene, 2001). The new cerebellar physiology that Ito brings out in his article has been witnessed by the increased in the number of individuals who suffer from neuropsychiatric disorders that result from abnormalities in the cerebellum. A disruption to the cerebellum disrupts the imagery of motors in the brain (Dehaene, 2001). Further investigations need to be carried out so as to establish how disruption of different cerebellar activities results in various mental disorders.